What are Emollients and Why Should You Use Them?

What are emollients?

Emollients are moisturising treatments that you apply directly to your skin. They cover the skin with a protective film that traps water, which helps to soothe dry, rough or itchy skin. Many are sold as moisturisers, and they are widely used for dry skin conditions such as eczema and psoriasis.

They work by filling the gaps left in the skin's surface when it gets dry, using lipids (fatty substances) that help your skin become softer and smoother.

Types of emollients

There are several types of emollients to choose from. The one that will work best for you will depend on the cause of your skin dryness as well as which part of your body is affected. Choose products made for dry and sensitive skin, such as those from Dermalogica and QV.

Environmental factors can also affect the type of emollient you use. For example, some people use one kind of emollient during the winter and another during the summer.

Lotions

Of the three types of emollients listed here, lotions are the least moisturising. They are also the easiest to use because they are made up mostly of water with a little oil. As a result, lotions are suitable for daytime use, although you might need to reapply them often. Some lotions contain preservatives, which can cause reactions in some people.

Creams

Creams are a popular type of emollient because they are easy to spread, thanks to their even balance of oil and water. They spread evenly without feeling greasy, so they are suitable for any time of day.

Ointments

Unlike lotions and creams, ointments are mostly oil. This makes them greasy and sometimes difficult to spread. On the other hand, they are thick and take a long time to absorb, so you can apply them less often. People with very dry skin may find more relief with an ointment than a lotion or cream, and they are a good option at night if you prefer a lotion or cream during the day.

How to use emollients

Apply emollients as often as you need to keep your skin comfortable and moisturised, even when your skin feels fine. The type of emollient affects how often you need to reapply: you might apply a lotion several times a day, and an ointment only once or twice.

The best time to apply an emollient is straight after bathing, showering or washing your hands, when your skin needs moisture most. Pat your skin dry first, then smooth the emollient on gently in the direction your hair grows.

You might also apply an emollient before activities that can irritate your skin, such as going out in the sun or swimming.

When to get advice

An emollient could be the ideal solution if you have dry, rough skin. If your skin is very dry, itchy, cracked, red or not improving with regular emollient use, you may have eczema or another condition that needs treatment. Ask our skin clinic which type might suit you. You can also read the NHS guidance on emollients.